ÌÇÐÄvlog

JANUARY 2026

2025-2026 ÌÇÐÄvlog Budget and Enrollment Survey Results

Budget and Enrollment Survey Results

This year’s Budget and Enrollment Survey reflects changes in budgets, applications, enrollment, academic staffing, and curricula at 73 member schools. The survey was made available to ÌÇÐÄvlog Full, Candidate, Canadian, 2-year, and 4-year members. The survey is conducted annually and this year’s report is focused primarily on the 2025-26 academic year. The purpose of this report is (1) to provide a cross-section of information regarding the current status of funding and admissions at architecture schools, (2) identify any ongoing trends survey results may suggest, and (3) gauge the impact of recent legislative changes on international student recruitment. An analysis of the survey findings are provided below.

PART 1: ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM BUDGETS

The bar charts show that architecture department operating budgets for 2025–26 vary widely across both public and private institutions. Among public programs, the largest share falls in the $2–5 million range (22.9%), followed closely by $5–10 million budgets (20.8%), indicating a concentration in mid-sized operating capacities. Smaller public budgets are also common, with roughly equal shares reporting under $500,000 and $1–2 million (each 14.6%). Private programs display a somewhat flatter distribution, with 20% reporting budgets under $500,000 and another 20% in the $5–10 million range. Private institutions are also evenly represented across the $1–2 million, $2–5 million, $500,000–$1 million, and over $10 million categories (each around 15%). Comparatively, public programs are more heavily clustered in the $2–10 million range, while private programs show greater dispersion across both low and high budget categories. Overall, the data underscores substantial financial heterogeneity within architectural education, with meaningful implications for staffing, resources, and program capacity across institution types.

The pie charts indicate that, across most budget categories for 2025–26, the largest share of architecture departments report no change in spending, suggesting overall budgetary stability. However, where changes are occurring, increases are more common than decreases, particularly for faculty and staff salaries and adjunct/visiting faculty, aligning with the chart’s emphasis on personnel costs. Faculty and staff salaries show a notable proportion of departments reporting slight or significant increases, signaling pressure to address compensation and retention. Spending on adjunct and visiting faculty also trends upward more often than downward, reflecting continued reliance on contingent instructional labor. Faculty travel and lecture series/events are dominated by no-change responses, but modest increases slightly outweigh decreases, suggesting cautious reinvestment in professional and public-facing activities. Equipment and technology budgets largely remain flat, with limited movement in either direction, indicating constrained capital flexibility. Student research and assistantships show a mixed pattern, with some increases but also a nontrivial share of decreases, pointing to uneven support for student labor and research opportunities. Overall, the data suggest departments are prioritizing personnel-related expenses while holding most other budget areas steady amid ongoing financial uncertainty.

PART 2: ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM FINANCIAL PRESSURES

The highlight table shows that institutional budget cuts and inflation in operational costs are the most widely reported financial pressures affecting architecture departments in 2025–26. Overall, 60.6% of respondents cite institutional budget cuts as a major factor, with slightly higher impact reported by public institutions (61.7%) than private ones (58.3%). Inflation in operational costs is nearly as pervasive, affecting 54.9% of departments overall and a majority of both public and private programs. Rising instructional costs also represent a substantial pressure, particularly for public institutions, where 55.3% report this as a key concern compared to 29.2% of private programs. Enrollment dynamics further differentiate institution types: while increasing enrollment is reported as a pressure by 42.3% overall, it is more pronounced among private institutions (50.0%) than public ones (38.3%). Conversely, declining enrollment is a much greater concern for private institutions (29.2%) than for public institutions (8.5%). Reduced state appropriations emerge as a distinctly public-sector issue, affecting over half of public programs (51.1%) and none of the private ones. Taken together, the data indicate that departments are navigating a complex mix of cost escalation, institutional retrenchment, and uneven enrollment pressures, with public and private programs facing meaningfully different financial constraints.

The highlight table shows that increased class sizes are the most common strategy architecture departments use to address financial constraints, reported by 52.9% overall and by nearly two-thirds of public programs (62.2%). This reliance on larger classes suggests that instructional capacity is being stretched as a primary cost-containment mechanism, particularly in the public sector. Partnerships and grants are the next most common strategy (35.3% overall), indicating a widespread effort to supplement core funding through external resources. About one quarter of departments report hiring freezes (25.0%) and reduced course offerings (25.0%), signaling constraints on staffing and curricular breadth. Program restructuring is more prevalent among public institutions (33.3%) than private ones (21.7%), reflecting greater structural adjustment in response to budget pressure. Tuition increases show the sharpest divergence by institution type, affecting 39.1% of private programs compared to just 20.0% of public programs. The creation of new revenue-generating programs is reported by roughly one quarter of departments, slightly more often in public institutions. Overall, the data indicate that departments are balancing revenue expansion strategies with cost-shifting measures that directly affect teaching conditions and student experience.

PART 3: ARCHITECTURE PROGRAM ENROLLMENT

The stacked bar chart indicates that most architecture programs report stable or improving admission yield rates over the past three years. A clear majority—56.7%—experienced an increase in yield, with 38.8% reporting slight increases (1–10%) and 17.9% reporting significant increases of more than 10%. Another 20.9% of programs report no change, suggesting relatively steady enrollment conversion for a substantial share of schools. In contrast, 19.4% of programs experienced a slight decrease in yield, while only a very small fraction report a significant decline. Taken together, fewer than one quarter of programs report any decline in yield, and most of those declines are modest. The dominance of slight increases suggests incremental gains rather than dramatic shifts in admissions outcomes. These results point to generally healthy applicant-to-enrollment conversion, even amid broader financial and institutional pressures. Overall, the data suggest that architecture programs are maintaining, and in many cases strengthening, their ability to convert admitted students into enrolled students.

The stacked bar chart shows that architecture programs overwhelmingly report stable or positive enrollment trajectories over the past three years. A majority of schools (54.3%) describe their enrollment as steadily growing, indicating sustained upward momentum across much of the field. An additional 41.4% report that enrollment is fluctuating but stable overall, suggesting resilience despite year-to-year variation. Together, these two categories account for more than 95% of respondents, pointing to broad enrollment stability. Only a very small share of programs report gradually declining enrollment, indicating that contraction is not widespread. The dominance of steady growth aligns with earlier evidence of healthy admission yield rates. These findings suggest that many architecture programs are successfully attracting and retaining students even amid financial and institutional pressures. Overall, the data reflect a generally optimistic enrollment outlook for architectural education heading into 2025–26.

The stacked bar chart shows that most architecture programs are meeting or exceeding their enrollment targets in 2025–26. Nearly half of programs (47.8%) report enrollment at target (within ±5%), indicating close alignment between planning assumptions and actual enrollment. An additional 34.8% exceed their targets, with 23.2% slightly over target and 11.6% significantly over target, suggesting stronger-than-anticipated demand in many programs. In contrast, a smaller share of programs are under target, with 13.0% slightly below target and only a very small fraction significantly under target. Overall, more than four in five programs are either at or above their intended capacity. The prevalence of over-enrollment may help explain reported financial and instructional pressures, such as increased class sizes. At the same time, the low incidence of significant under-enrollment points to relative stability across the sector. Collectively, the data suggest that enrollment planning in architecture programs is largely effective, though sustained over-target enrollment may strain faculty, space, and resources if not addressed.

PART 4: INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ENROLLMENT

The bar charts show clear differences between public and private architecture programs in their reliance on international student enrollment for Fall 2025. Public institutions are heavily concentrated at the low end, with 60.0% reporting that international students make up just 0–5% of total enrollment. Private institutions also most commonly fall in the 0–5% range (27.3%), but they are far more distributed across higher enrollment categories. Notably, private programs are much more likely to report moderate to high proportions of international students, including 18.2% in the 21–30% range and another 18.2% reporting over 30% international enrollment. By contrast, only small shares of public institutions report international students comprising more than 20% of enrollment. Both sectors show a similar presence in the 6–10% range, though private institutions again edge higher. Overall, the data indicate that private architecture programs are substantially more dependent on international students than public programs. This pattern suggests greater exposure for private institutions to shifts in international mobility, visa policy, and geopolitical conditions, while public programs remain more domestically oriented.

The bar chart shows that visa-related challenges are a widespread issue for international architecture students in the U.S. during 2025–26. A majority of schools report concrete enrollment disruptions, with 60.9% indicating that students have faced visa appointment delays or denials. Additionally, just over half of programs (50.7%) report that students have deferred enrollment due to visa delays or denials. A substantial share—39.1%—also report that students have withdrawn entirely, signaling serious consequences for enrollment stability. In contrast, only 21.7% of schools report experiencing few or no visa-related delays, suggesting that smooth processing is the exception rather than the norm. A small proportion of respondents (7.2%) report uncertainty, which may reflect limited visibility into students’ visa processes. Taken together, the data indicate that visa challenges are not isolated or marginal but represent a systemic barrier affecting international student participation. These disruptions have clear implications for program enrollment, financial planning, and student diversity, particularly for institutions that rely heavily on international students.

The pie chart shows that concern about future international student enrollment is widespread among architecture programs. A large plurality of institutions (42.0%) report being very concerned, indicating a high level of anxiety about future international recruitment and retention. An additional 20.3% report being concerned, and 15.9% are slightly concerned, meaning that nearly four in five programs express at least some level of concern. Only 14.5% of respondents report feeling neutral, while just 7.2% indicate they are not concerned at all. This distribution suggests that confidence in the stability of international student enrollment is limited. The intensity of concern aligns with earlier data showing frequent visa delays, deferrals, and withdrawals among international students. Together, these findings point to international enrollment as a significant area of strategic risk for architecture programs. Overall, the data underscore the need for institutional support, policy advocacy, and contingency planning to mitigate ongoing uncertainties affecting international students.

ÌÇÐÄvlog would like to thank all of the schools that shared their data in regards to budget, enrollment, applications and academic staffing. School participation is integral in our quest to provide a full and accurate picture of these dynamics across architecture schools.

Kendall A. Nicholson
Senior Director of Research, Equity, and Education
202-785-2324
knicholson@acsa-arch.org